1.Concentration polarization
Nyob rau hauv qhov rov qab osmosis desalination system, xaiv permeability ntawm daim nyias nyias tso cai rau cov dej molecules mus txuas ntxiv permeate daim nyias nyias los ntawm lub siab - siab, thaum lub solute molecules tseem nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv thawj cov tshuaj, uas ua rau ib tug sib txawv ntawm cov khoom. kua rau ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab cov khoom siv dej nkag. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yuav ua rau muaj qhov siab concentration gradient heev thaum nws hnyav heev. Qhov tshwm sim no hu ua concentration polarization. Concentration polarization tsub kom lub osmotic siab ntawm cov khoom ua kua, txo lub zog tsav tsheb, thiab ua rau cov dej permeability thiab desalination tus nqi txo.
2. Inorganic ntsev scaling
Cov ntsev nrog cov khoom me me solubility xws li CaCO3, CaSO4, BaSO4, SrSO4, CaF2, thiab SiO2 tuaj yeem tso tawm vim cov concentration ntau tshaj lawv cov khoom solubility thaum lub sij hawm rov qab osmosis txheej txheem, uas ua rau cov sediments nyob rau ntawm daim nyias nyias los yog nkag mus rau hauv dej Scale yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub channel.
3. Adsorbent muaj kuab paug
Qee qhov dej hauv qhov dej uas muaj nyob rau ntawm cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau muaj tsawg -valent hlau thiab manganese ions, uas muaj qee qhov kev txo qis. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm daim nyias nyias fouling tshwm sim los ntawm cov dej xws li hlau, txhuas, manganese, thiab lwm yam ua rau colloidal particle pollution ntawm daim nyias nyias. Thaiv. Thaum O2 nkag mus rau Fe2 ntxiv rau -muaj cov dej muaj zog, siab -alkalinity dej qhov chaw tsim hlau carbonate thiab hlau silicate. Txo cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke, hlau nplai tsim ua sai dua thiab nrawm dua, thiab cov hlau colloidal tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau flocculants. . . Cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo tom qab cov pa phem hlau yog qhov txo qis hauv cov dej ntau lawm thiab nce siab sib txawv.
4. Kev tsim cov sludge lom
Rau cov dej ntws los ntawm cov dej hauv av thiab cov dej phwj tuaj, feem ntau ntawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim yog cov sludge lom. Thaum lub nto ntawm lubdaim nyias nyiasyog them nrog lub zog microbial sludge, cov ntsev tshem tawm los ntawm daim nyias nyias yuav raug daig hauv cov nplaum nplaum thiab yuav tsis yooj yim ntxuav tawm los ntawm dej, muab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev yug me nyuam ntawm cov kab mob. Tib lub sijhawm, rov qab osmosis yog ua ntej - kho ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv dej. Cov nplai inhibitors, dej softeners, thiab lwm yam ntxiv rau lub sijhawm tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.
5. Colloid paug
Cov dej hauv av thiab cov dej saum npoo av tag nrho muaj cov hlau, txhuas, silicon, cov organic teeb meem thiab lwm yam khoom, uas tsim cov colloids nrog coagulants, coagulants, scale inhibitors, thiab lwm yam ntxiv thaum pretreatment thiab tso rau ntawm daim nyias nyias, ua rau muaj kuab paug colloidal. Colloid pollution yog qhov nyuaj rau kev cuam tshuam nrog vim tias nws muaj tib yam ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob, yog qhov ruaj khov, thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev daws, tab sis nws tau daig rau ntawm daim nyias nyias thaum RO membrane lim dej, tsim cov dej, thiab yooj yim. fouling daim nyias nyias, ua rau txo qis hauv dej flux. Feem ntau, cov qauv no yog ntsuas los ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ua paug (SDI). Feem ntau thaum SDI<3, no="" such="" pollution="" occurs="" on="" the="" membrane="" surface;="" when="" sdi="">3, fouling will occur. Note that this is the most difficult type of pollution! 3, fouling will occur. Note that this is the most difficult type of pollution!"
6. Dej rauj
Rau qhovrov qab osmosis system, due to the unreasonable design, there is a large amount of air in the membrane shell filled with the membrane at the beginning of the commissioning stage. When the air reaches a certain pressure in the membrane shell, it will suddenly burst and release, causing the reverse osmosis membranes to collide, squeeze and move in the membrane shell, resulting in a "water hammer" phenomenon. In the reverse osmosis system, the harm of water hammer lies in causing irreversible damage to the reverse osmosis membrane elements. Of course, this phenomenon can also be avoided through perfect design.
7. Suspended particle teeb meem
The security filter may cause leakage of filter media, corrosion fragments and foreign objects (such as small corduroy) due to "short circuit" or defects, or when the reverse osmosis is not thoroughly flushed for the first time, the membrane elements may be contaminated and the water inlet channel may be blocked. And an amorphous precipitate is formed on the film surface. But this situation is rarely encountered.
8. Kev ua qias tuaj los ntawm lwm yam
Hydrocarbon thiab silicone-raws li roj thiab lipids npog ntawm daim nyias nyias, ua rau daim nyias nyias nyias; lub hydrolysis ntawm daim nyias nyias, qhov yaig ntawm cov kuab tshuaj organic thiab cov tshuaj oxidizing, thiab lwm yam yuav ua rau lub cev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv membrane hloov.
